Functions
Expressing Obligation🗣️ Expressing Obligation
Strong Obligation
- "You must..."
- "You have to..."
- "It is necessary to..."
- "It is obligatory to..."
Weak Obligation / Advice
- "You should..."
- "You ought to..."
- "It is advisable to..."
- "You'd better..."
Lack of Obligation
- "You don't have to..."
- "You needn't..."
- "It is not necessary to..."
Prohibition
- "You mustn't..."
- "You are not allowed to..."
- "It is forbidden to..."
📌 Examples
Obligation: "Citizens must pay taxes."
Advice: "You should volunteer in your community."
No obligation: "You don't have to attend the meeting."
Prohibition: "You mustn't break the law."
Complete the sentences
Citizenship — Communicate with a purpose
Original practice material · explained answers · no official-exam attribution
A communicative goal
Use language to act in a situation: express an opinion, ask for clarification, suggest an action or weigh advantages and drawbacks. An effective answer fits the addressee and responds to what was said. A grammatical sentence can still be unsuitable if it ignores the situation.
Practise and explain your answer
01Use the model expression in a two-line dialogue about this unit.
02Ask your partner to clarify one idea politely.
03Give an opinion and support it with one reason.
MathMaroc · Unit 7 · Communication workshop
Distinguish rules, advice and choice
Your situation: For this imagined school visit, the teacher sets a rule: bring your school ID. Buying a souvenir is optional. Touching the exhibits is forbidden.
Explore each goal and model. These are original practice situations, not quotations or official examination questions.
State an obligationOpen the model and explanation
You must bring your school ID.
Why it fits: This expresses a requirement in the stated visit rules.
State a lack of obligationOpen the model and explanation
You do not have to buy a souvenir.
Why it fits: Buying one is optional; it is not forbidden.
State a prohibitionOpen the model and explanation
You must not touch the exhibits.
Why it fits: Touching them is forbidden in the stated scenario.
All communication goals are displayed.
Read the short dialogue
- Speaker A: Do I have to buy a souvenir?
- Speaker B: No, you do not have to. It is optional.
Reveal the explanation
Do not have to means that an action is not required. It must not be confused with must not, which expresses a prohibition.
Try with a partner: Keep the same communication goal, change one detail and take turns. Several answers may be suitable. There is no automatic assessment of this spoken practice.
MathMaroc · Guided practice
Choose a response that fits — Unit 7
Answer four questions, use a hint if needed, then read the explanation. The result concerns this activity; it is not an official examination grade or a measure of speaking ability.