Functions
Cause and Effect🗣️ Cause and Effect
Expressing Cause (Reason)
- "Because..."
- "Since..."
- "As..."
- "Due to..."
- "Owing to..."
- "Thanks to..."
Expressing Effect (Result)
- "Therefore..."
- "So..."
- "As a result..."
- "Consequently..."
- "Thus..."
- "Hence..."
Cause and Effect Together
- "... leads to ..."
- "... results in ..."
- "... causes ..."
- "... produces ..."
- "... brings about ..."
Asking about Cause and Effect
- "Why...?"
- "What causes...?"
- "What are the effects of...?"
- "What leads to...?"
📌 Examples
Cause: "Because of pollution, the environment is suffering."
Effect: "Pollution is increasing, therefore the climate is changing."
Combined: "Deforestation leads to loss of biodiversity."
Question: "What causes climate change?"
Complete the sentences
Sustainable Development — Communicate with a purpose
Original practice material · explained answers · no official-exam attribution
A communicative goal
Use language to act in a situation: express an opinion, ask for clarification, suggest an action or weigh advantages and drawbacks. An effective answer fits the addressee and responds to what was said. A grammatical sentence can still be unsuitable if it ignores the situation.
Practise and explain your answer
01Use the model expression in a two-line dialogue about this unit.
02Ask your partner to clarify one idea politely.
03Give an opinion and support it with one reason.
MathMaroc · Unit 4 · Communication workshop
Connect a cause and a result
Your situation: In this imagined school project, pupils bring reusable bottles and the class uses fewer disposable cups.
Explore each goal and model. These are original practice situations, not quotations or official examination questions.
Give a reasonOpen the model and explanation
We use fewer cups because pupils bring reusable bottles.
Why it fits: Because introduces a clause giving the reason.
State a resultOpen the model and explanation
Pupils bring reusable bottles, so we use fewer cups.
Why it fits: So introduces the result in this example.
Use a noun phraseOpen the model and explanation
Because of the new bottle scheme, we use fewer cups.
Why it fits: Because of is followed here by a noun phrase.
All communication goals are displayed.
Read the short dialogue
- Speaker A: Why do we use fewer disposable cups?
- Speaker B: Because pupils bring reusable bottles.
Reveal the explanation
The reply gives a reason within the stated school scenario. It is not a general statistical claim.
Try with a partner: Keep the same communication goal, change one detail and take turns. Several answers may be suitable. There is no automatic assessment of this spoken practice.
MathMaroc · Guided practice
Choose a response that fits — Unit 4
Answer four questions, use a hint if needed, then read the explanation. The result concerns this activity; it is not an official examination grade or a measure of speaking ability.